{ "a_propos": { "source": "https://labo-llm.fr/donnees", "licence": "CC BY 4.0 — citer labo-llm.fr", "note": "Un article par entrée. `references_sans_lien` est publié tel quel : c'est une dette connue du corpus, pas une donnée à cacher." }, "genere_le": "2026-09-12", "total": 149, "miroirs_en": 149, "assertions_tracees": 235, "references": 1498, "articles": [ { "slug": "a-la-base-je-voulais-juste-faire-un-jeu-video", "titre": "À la base je voulais juste faire un jeu vidéo", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Réflexions", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse interne", "date_publication": "Thu Apr 02 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/a-la-base-je-voulais-juste-faire-un-jeu-video", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/a-la-base-je-voulais-juste-faire-un-jeu-video", "references": 0, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "a2a-google-protocole", "titre": "A2A de Google — le protocole manquant", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Protocoles", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/a2a-google-protocole", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/a2a-google-protocole", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "agent-verification-succes", "titre": "Pourquoi votre agent ne sait pas s'il a réussi", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/agent-verification-succes", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/agent-verification-succes", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "agentic-ai", "titre": "IA agentique — les LLM qui passent à l'action", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Apr 04 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/agentic-ai", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/agentic-ai", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "agents-auto-evolutifs-zero-data", "titre": "Agent0 — apprendre à s'améliorer sans aucune donnée humaine", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/agents-auto-evolutifs-zero-data", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/agents-auto-evolutifs-zero-data", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "agents-llm", "titre": "Agents LLM — comment un modèle de langage passe à l'action", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/agents-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/agents-llm", "references": 13, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "alignement-et-rlhf", "titre": "Alignement et RLHF — comment corriger un LLM", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Entraînement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/alignement-et-rlhf", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/alignement-et-rlhf", "references": 16, "references_primaires": 16, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "alternative-ai-accelerators-2026", "titre": "Alternatives ASIC inference 2026 — cinq startups qui repensent la puce pour les LLM", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "GPU & puces", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/alternative-ai-accelerators-2026", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/alternative-ai-accelerators-2026", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2027-01-04" }, { "slug": "amazon-nova", "titre": "Amazon Nova — la stratégie modèles d'AWS face à OpenAI et Google", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/amazon-nova", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/amazon-nova", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "anatomie-skill-cc", "titre": "Anatomie d'un skill Claude Code — structure et bonnes pratiques", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/anatomie-skill-cc", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/anatomie-skill-cc", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 4, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "anthropic", "titre": "Anthropic — de la recherche au produit", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/anthropic", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/anthropic", "references": 13, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "architecture-bat-le-modele", "titre": "En orchestration multi-agents, l'architecture bat le modèle", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration & agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/architecture-bat-le-modele", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/architecture-bat-le-modele", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "architecture-transformer", "titre": "Architecture Transformer — le mécanisme qui a tout changé", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/architecture-transformer", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/architecture-transformer", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 12, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "audit-automatise-multi-agents", "titre": "Audit automatisé multi-agents — quand les agents vérifient leur propre système", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/audit-automatise-multi-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/audit-automatise-multi-agents", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "auto-evaluation-llm", "titre": "Pourquoi les LLMs se trompent en auto-évaluation", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/auto-evaluation-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/auto-evaluation-llm", "references": 16, "references_primaires": 15, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "automatisation-recherche-ia", "titre": "Automatisation de la recherche en IA — jusqu'où ça marche ?", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/automatisation-recherche-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/automatisation-recherche-ia", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "budget-sous-agent-100k-tokens", "titre": "Le vrai budget d'un sous-agent : environ 100K tokens", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration & agents", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/budget-sous-agent-100k-tokens", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/budget-sous-agent-100k-tokens", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "ce-que-les-labos-publient", "titre": "Ce que les laboratoires publient sur leurs modèles — et ce qu'ils taisent", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-09-06", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/ce-que-les-labos-publient", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/ce-que-les-labos-publient", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2027-01-04" }, { "slug": "cest-quoi-chatgpt", "titre": "C'est quoi ChatGPT — et les IA comme lui", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sun Mar 22 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/cest-quoi-chatgpt", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/cest-quoi-chatgpt", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "chain-of-debate", "titre": "Chain-of-Debate — quand les agents argumentent pour mieux décider", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Raisonnement & inférence", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/chain-of-debate", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/chain-of-debate", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "claude-code", "titre": "Claude Code — assistant de code en ligne de commande", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration & agents", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/claude-code", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/claude-code", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "claude-famille", "titre": "La famille Claude — Haiku, Sonnet, Opus, et maintenant Fable", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/claude-famille", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/claude-famille", "references": 23, "references_primaires": 15, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "cohere", "titre": "Cohere — l'IA enterprise-first depuis Toronto", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/cohere", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/cohere", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "comment-bien-sen-servir", "titre": "Comment bien s'en servir — guide pratique pour parler à une IA", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sun Mar 22 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/comment-bien-sen-servir", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/comment-bien-sen-servir", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "comment-on-en-est-arrive-la", "titre": "Comment on en est arrivé là — petite histoire des IA qui parlent", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sun Mar 22 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/comment-on-en-est-arrive-la", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/comment-on-en-est-arrive-la", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "compaction-contextuelle-agents", "titre": "Compaction contextuelle — pourquoi les agents jettent 80% du contexte", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Études", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sun Apr 05 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/compaction-contextuelle-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/compaction-contextuelle-agents", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "conformite-jailbreak", "titre": "Alignement des LLM — pourquoi corriger l'IA ne suffit pas", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Entraînement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/conformite-jailbreak", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/conformite-jailbreak", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 11, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "constitutional-ai-rlaif", "titre": "Constitutional AI — quand le modèle s'auto-aligne selon des principes écrits", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/constitutional-ai-rlaif", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/constitutional-ai-rlaif", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "context-engineering", "titre": "Context engineering — au-delà du prompt engineering", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Prompting & Context Engineering", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/context-engineering", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/context-engineering", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "context-graphs-decision-traces", "titre": "Context graphs — la nouvelle infrastructure pour agents IA ?", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/context-graphs-decision-traces", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/context-graphs-decision-traces", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "context-prompting-guide", "titre": "Context prompting — guide pratique par niveau d'usage", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Prompting & Context Engineering", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/context-prompting-guide", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/context-prompting-guide", "references": 18, "references_primaires": 18, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "convergence-knowledge-bases-llm", "titre": "Cinq knowledge bases, un même pattern", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Réflexions", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sun Apr 05 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/convergence-knowledge-bases-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/convergence-knowledge-bases-llm", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "cooling-liquide-datacenters", "titre": "Refroidissement liquide — comment les datacenters IA dissipent 120 kW par rack", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Datacenters & énergie", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/cooling-liquide-datacenters", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/cooling-liquide-datacenters", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "cout-reel-systeme-multi-agents", "titre": "Le coût réel d'un système multi-agents — un ordre de grandeur au-dessus", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Économie", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/cout-reel-systeme-multi-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/cout-reel-systeme-multi-agents", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "cxl-memory-pooling", "titre": "CXL et memory pooling — partager la mémoire entre serveurs", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire & stockage", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/cxl-memory-pooling", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/cxl-memory-pooling", "references": 18, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "datacenters-energie", "titre": "Datacenters et énergie — ce que l'IA consomme vraiment", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Datacenters & énergie", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/datacenters-energie", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/datacenters-energie", "references": 17, "references_primaires": 11, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 4, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "decontamination-conceptuelle", "titre": "LLM = outils : décontamination conceptuelle", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Réflexions", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse interne", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 24 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/decontamination-conceptuelle", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/decontamination-conceptuelle", "references": 0, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "deepseek-ai", "titre": "DeepSeek — quand un fonds quantitatif construit un laboratoire frontier", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/deepseek-ai", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/deepseek-ai", "references": 16, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "degradation-contextuelle-mesurable", "titre": "La dégradation contextuelle est mesurable — et elle suit une loi", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Tokens & contexte", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/degradation-contextuelle-mesurable", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/degradation-contextuelle-mesurable", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "deny-rules-securite", "titre": "Deny rules Claude Code — anatomie d'un faux sentiment de sécurité", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Doctrine", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/deny-rules-securite", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/deny-rules-securite", "references": 23, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "deploiement-35-agents-paralleles", "titre": "35 agents LLM en parallèle — anatomie et positionnement", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/deploiement-35-agents-paralleles", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/deploiement-35-agents-paralleles", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "deploiement-agents-production", "titre": "Agents en production : ce que disent 1 200 cas réels", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/deploiement-agents-production", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/deploiement-agents-production", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "dispatch-cognitif", "titre": "Dispatch cognitif — assigner le bon modèle à la bonne tâche", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/dispatch-cognitif", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/dispatch-cognitif", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "distillation-modeles", "titre": "Distillation de modèles — transférer le savoir du grand au petit", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Optimisation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/distillation-modeles", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/distillation-modeles", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "donnees-synthetiques", "titre": "Données synthétiques — comment les LLM apprennent de leurs propres sorties", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Entraînement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/donnees-synthetiques", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/donnees-synthetiques", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 15, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "ecosysteme-acteurs", "titre": "L'écosystème LLM — cartographie des forces en présence", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Écosystème", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/ecosysteme-acteurs", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/ecosysteme-acteurs", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "ecosysteme-memoire-agents-2026", "titre": "Mémoire agent en 2026 — SurrealDB, Cognee et les autres", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration & agents", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/ecosysteme-memoire-agents-2026", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/ecosysteme-memoire-agents-2026", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "edge-ai-inference", "titre": "Votre téléphone a une puce IA — voici ce qu'elle sait faire", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "GPU & puces", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/edge-ai-inference", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/edge-ai-inference", "references": 13, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "embeddings-recherche-semantique", "titre": "Embeddings et recherche sémantique — comment les LLM comprennent le sens", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/embeddings-recherche-semantique", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/embeddings-recherche-semantique", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 12, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "empreinte-environnementale", "titre": "IA et environnement — énergie, eau, carbone", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Datacenters & énergie", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/empreinte-environnementale", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/empreinte-environnementale", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 11, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "escalade-humaine-vs-recovery", "titre": "Escalade humaine vs auto-recovery — qui corrige l'agent ?", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/escalade-humaine-vs-recovery", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/escalade-humaine-vs-recovery", "references": 19, "references_primaires": 15, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "evaluation-benchmarks", "titre": "Benchmarks LLM — pourquoi les scores ne disent pas tout", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/evaluation-benchmarks", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/evaluation-benchmarks", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 12, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "evaluer-agent-llm", "titre": "Évaluer un agent LLM — méthodes et pièges", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/evaluer-agent-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/evaluer-agent-llm", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "exception-handling-multi-agent", "titre": "Exception handling multi-agents — quand les agents gèrent l'imprévu", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/exception-handling-multi-agent", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/exception-handling-multi-agent", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "fenetre-de-contexte", "titre": "La fenêtre de contexte — ce que c'est, pourquoi ça compte", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Tokens & contexte", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/fenetre-de-contexte", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/fenetre-de-contexte", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "fiabilite-orchestration-174-agents", "titre": "174 agents, 0 échec : fiabilité réelle ou biais de mesure ?", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/fiabilite-orchestration-174-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/fiabilite-orchestration-174-agents", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "fine-tuning-vs-rag", "titre": "Fine-tuning vs RAG — quand choisir quoi", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/fine-tuning-vs-rag", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/fine-tuning-vs-rag", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "fire-and-consolidate", "titre": "Fire-and-consolidate — un pattern d'orchestration multi-agents", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/fire-and-consolidate", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/fire-and-consolidate", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "gemini", "titre": "Gemini — la réponse de Google", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/gemini", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/gemini", "references": 17, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "generation-images", "titre": "Génération d'images par IA — du bruit à l'image", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/generation-images", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/generation-images", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "google-deepmind", "titre": "Google DeepMind — l'infrastructure au service de l'IA", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/google-deepmind", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/google-deepmind", "references": 19, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "gouvernance-regulation-ia", "titre": "Réguler l'IA — pourquoi l'Europe, les États-Unis et la Chine ne parlent pas le même langage", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Gouvernance", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/gouvernance-regulation-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/gouvernance-regulation-ia", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 12, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 4, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2027-03-05" }, { "slug": "gpt", "titre": "Les GPT d'OpenAI — de GPT-4o à Astra", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/gpt", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/gpt", "references": 20, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 5, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "gpu-nvidia-cuda", "titre": "GPU Nvidia et CUDA — pourquoi ils dominent le calcul IA", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "GPU & puces", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/gpu-nvidia-cuda", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/gpu-nvidia-cuda", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2027-03-05" }, { "slug": "gradmem-memoire-contextuelle", "titre": "GradMem — comprimer le contexte en mémoire par descente de gradient", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Wed Mar 25 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/gradmem-memoire-contextuelle", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/gradmem-memoire-contextuelle", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "guardrails-llm", "titre": "Guardrails LLM — la sécurité comme architecture", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Sécurité", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/guardrails-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/guardrails-llm", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "hacrl-apprentissage-collaboratif", "titre": "HACRL — quand des LLM de tailles différentes s'entraînent ensemble", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Optimisation", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Wed Mar 25 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/hacrl-apprentissage-collaboratif", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/hacrl-apprentissage-collaboratif", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "harnesses-agents-langage-naturel", "titre": "Harnesses d'agents — l'architecture qui enveloppe le LLM", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/harnesses-agents-langage-naturel", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/harnesses-agents-langage-naturel", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 10, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "hbm-memoire", "titre": "High Bandwidth Memory — quand la mémoire bride les GPU IA", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire & stockage", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/hbm-memoire", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/hbm-memoire", "references": 9, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "histoire-llm", "titre": "Histoire des LLM — cinq ruptures qui ont tout changé", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/histoire-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/histoire-llm", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 14, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "huggingface-plateforme", "titre": "Hugging Face — la plateforme qui distribue l'IA open source au monde", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Écosystème", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/huggingface-plateforme", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/huggingface-plateforme", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "human-in-the-loop", "titre": "Human-in-the-Loop — l'humain et l'agent, un duo nécessaire", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Déploiement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/human-in-the-loop", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/human-in-the-loop", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "hyperagents-auto-amelioration", "titre": "HyperAgents — des agents IA qui modifient leur propre méthode d'amélioration", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Wed Mar 25 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/hyperagents-auto-amelioration", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/hyperagents-auto-amelioration", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "ia-agentique-prochaine-explosion", "titre": "IA agentique — catalyseur d'une prochaine explosion d'intelligence ?", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Gouvernance", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/ia-agentique-prochaine-explosion", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/ia-agentique-prochaine-explosion", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "inference-vs-training-costs", "titre": "Économie de l'IA — pourquoi l'inférence coûte désormais plus cher que l'entraînement", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Économie", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/inference-vs-training-costs", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/inference-vs-training-costs", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "interconnects-optiques-co-packaged", "titre": "CPO et interconnects optiques — quand la lumière remplace le cuivre dans les datacenters IA", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire & stockage", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/interconnects-optiques-co-packaged", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/interconnects-optiques-co-packaged", "references": 21, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "interpretabilite-mecanistique", "titre": "Interprétabilité mécanistique — comprendre ce qui se passe dans un LLM", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/interpretabilite-mecanistique", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/interpretabilite-mecanistique", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "lambda-rlm-raisonnement-contexte", "titre": "λ-RLM — du λ-calcul pour fiabiliser le raisonnement des LLM", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Raisonnement & inférence", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Wed Mar 25 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/lambda-rlm-raisonnement-contexte", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/lambda-rlm-raisonnement-contexte", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "llama", "titre": "Llama — l'open source selon Meta", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/llama", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/llama", "references": 22, "references_primaires": 10, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "llm-code", "titre": "LLM et génération de code — ce que les benchmarks ne disent pas", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Spécialisation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/llm-code", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/llm-code", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "llm-juge-trois-fois-plus-permissif", "titre": "Le LLM-juge est trois fois plus permissif que l'humain", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/llm-juge-trois-fois-plus-permissif", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/llm-juge-trois-fois-plus-permissif", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 10, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 4, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "long-context", "titre": "Fenêtre de contexte — ce que les LLM voient vraiment", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Tokens & contexte", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/long-context", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/long-context", "references": 13, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 4, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "made-by-ai-so-what", "titre": "Made by AI — et alors ?", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Gouvernance", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/made-by-ai-so-what", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/made-by-ai-so-what", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "manifeste-llm-outils", "titre": "Manifeste : les LLM sont des outils", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Doctrine", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse interne", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 24 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/manifeste-llm-outils", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/manifeste-llm-outils", "references": 0, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "mcp-servers", "titre": "Model Context Protocol — comment MCP connecte les LLM au monde", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Protocoles", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/mcp-servers", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/mcp-servers", "references": 21, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "mcp-vs-tool-calling", "titre": "MCP vs Tool Calling — quand utiliser quoi", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Protocoles", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/mcp-vs-tool-calling", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/mcp-vs-tool-calling", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "memevolve-meta-apprentissage", "titre": "MemEvolve — quand la mémoire agent s'auto-optimise", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/memevolve-meta-apprentissage", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/memevolve-meta-apprentissage", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "memoire-graphe-agents", "titre": "Mémoire graphe pour agents — au-delà du vecteur", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/memoire-graphe-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/memoire-graphe-agents", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "memoires-agent-ia", "titre": "Les 3 mémoires d'un agent IA : sémantique, épisodique, procédurale", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Mémoire", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/memoires-agent-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/memoires-agent-ia", "references": 9, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "meta-ai", "titre": "Meta AI — le pari open source", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/meta-ai", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/meta-ai", "references": 20, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "meta-harness-optimisation", "titre": "Meta-Harness — optimiser automatiquement le code autour du LLM", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/meta-harness-optimisation", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/meta-harness-optimisation", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "mirage-illusion-visuelle", "titre": "Mirage — quand les LLM « voient » sans regarder", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/mirage-illusion-visuelle", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/mirage-illusion-visuelle", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "mistral-ai", "titre": "Mistral AI — l'alternative européenne", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/mistral-ai", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/mistral-ai", "references": 17, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "mistral-modeles", "titre": "Les modèles Mistral — de Mixtral à Medium 3.5", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/mistral-modeles", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/mistral-modeles", "references": 21, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "mixture-of-experts", "titre": "Mixture of Experts — comment les grands modèles activent moins de paramètres qu'ils n'en ont", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/mixture-of-experts", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/mixture-of-experts", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 11, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "modeles-vocaux-speech", "titre": "Modèles vocaux — l'IA qui parle et qui écoute", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Spécialisation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/modeles-vocaux-speech", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/modeles-vocaux-speech", "references": 18, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "modes-defaillance-agents-ia", "titre": "Les 14 modes de défaillance des agents IA", "territoire": "enjeux", "sous_categorie": "Déploiement", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/enjeux/modes-defaillance-agents-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/enjeux/modes-defaillance-agents-ia", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "modes-echec-sous-agents", "titre": "Les modes d'échec des sous-agents : classification et mitigations", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration & agents", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/modes-echec-sous-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/modes-echec-sous-agents", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "multi-agent-collaboration", "titre": "Systèmes multi-agents — quand la collaboration amplifie (ou pas)", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/multi-agent-collaboration", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/multi-agent-collaboration", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "multimodalite", "titre": "Multimodalité — comment les LLM ont appris à voir et à entendre", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/multimodalite", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/multimodalite", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 11, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "networking-haute-performance", "titre": "Networking haute performance — le pilier invisible de l'IA", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Datacenters & énergie", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/networking-haute-performance", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/networking-haute-performance", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "niveaux-agent-ia", "titre": "Les 4 niveaux d'un agent IA (L0–L3)", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/niveaux-agent-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/niveaux-agent-ia", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "nvidia-roadmap-vera-rubin", "titre": "Roadmap Nvidia 2025-2028 — de Blackwell Ultra à Feynman, quatre générations en cadence annuelle", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "GPU & puces", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/nvidia-roadmap-vera-rubin", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/nvidia-roadmap-vera-rubin", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "observabilite-agents", "titre": "Observabilité des agents LLM — outils, standards, limites", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/observabilite-agents", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/observabilite-agents", "references": 17, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2027-01-04" }, { "slug": "open-source-vs-proprietaire", "titre": "Open source vs propriétaire — ce que ça signifie vraiment pour les LLM", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Écosystème", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/open-source-vs-proprietaire", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/open-source-vs-proprietaire", "references": 21, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "openai", "titre": "OpenAI — du non-profit au leader commercial", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/openai", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/openai", "references": 20, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "optimisation-inference", "titre": "Optimisation de l'inférence LLM — comment l'industrie coupe la facture", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Optimisation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/optimisation-inference", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/optimisation-inference", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 13, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "optimiser-consommation-claude-code", "titre": "Optimiser sa consommation Claude Code — guide praticien", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "guide", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Tue Apr 07 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/optimiser-consommation-claude-code", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/optimiser-consommation-claude-code", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "orchestration-multi-agents-etat-art", "titre": "État de l'art : orchestration multi-agents avec Claude Code (2026)", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration & agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/orchestration-multi-agents-etat-art", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/orchestration-multi-agents-etat-art", "references": 9, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "panorama-rag-2026", "titre": "Panorama RAG avril 2026 — vectoriel, vectorless et approches émergentes", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "RAG & recherche documentaire", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Apr 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-20", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/panorama-rag-2026", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/panorama-rag-2026", "references": 23, "references_primaires": 23, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-17" }, { "slug": "paradoxe-llm-langage", "titre": "Le paradoxe LLM/langage — pourquoi les machines préfèrent le langage machine", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Prompting & Context Engineering", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/paradoxe-llm-langage", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/paradoxe-llm-langage", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 2, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "pattern-wave", "titre": "Le pattern Wave — orchestrer en deux vagues", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/pattern-wave", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/pattern-wave", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "plafond-raisonnement-contraintes", "titre": "Le plafond de raisonnement sous contraintes — 55-60% et pas au-delà", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Raisonnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/plafond-raisonnement-contraintes", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/plafond-raisonnement-contraintes", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "planning-ia-agentique", "titre": "Planning en IA agentique — formuler, exécuter, adapter", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/planning-ia-agentique", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/planning-ia-agentique", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "plus-agents-pas-mieux", "titre": "Plus d'agents ≠ meilleurs résultats — le paradoxe du scaling multi-agents", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/plus-agents-pas-mieux", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/plus-agents-pas-mieux", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 10, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "poste-travail-operateur", "titre": "Le poste de travail de l'opérateur d'agents", "territoire": "carnets", "sous_categorie": "Études", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse interne", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 24 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/carnets/poste-travail-operateur", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/carnets/poste-travail-operateur", "references": 0, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "pourquoi-ca-invente", "titre": "Pourquoi ça invente des trucs — les limites des IA conversationnelles", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sun Mar 22 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/pourquoi-ca-invente", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/pourquoi-ca-invente", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "prompt-chaining-vs-agent", "titre": "Prompt chaining vs agent autonome — lequel choisir ?", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/prompt-chaining-vs-agent", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/prompt-chaining-vs-agent", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 6, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "prompting", "titre": "Le prompting — principes fondamentaux", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/prompting", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/prompting", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "puces-alternatives", "titre": "Alternatives à Nvidia — qui attaque vraiment le marché des puces IA ?", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "GPU & puces", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/puces-alternatives", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/puces-alternatives", "references": 11, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "quantization", "titre": "Quantization — réduire un LLM sans le casser", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Optimisation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/quantization", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/quantization", "references": 20, "references_primaires": 14, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "qui-fabrique-ces-ia", "titre": "Qui fabrique ces IA — les entreprises derrière ChatGPT, Claude et les autres", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Écosystème", "content_type": "decouverte", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Synthèse croisée", "date_publication": "Sun Mar 22 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/qui-fabrique-ces-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/qui-fabrique-ces-ia", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "qwen-alibaba", "titre": "Qwen — la famille de modèles ouverts d'Alibaba Cloud", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Modèles", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/qwen-alibaba", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/qwen-alibaba", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 10, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" }, { "slug": "rag", "titre": "RAG — augmenter un LLM avec des données externes", "territoire": "outils", "sous_categorie": "Développement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/outils/rag", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/outils/rag", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "raisonnement-cot", "titre": "Chain-of-Thought — comment faire réfléchir un LLM à voix haute", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/raisonnement-cot", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/raisonnement-cot", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 10, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "reasoning-techniques-decryptees", "titre": "Techniques de raisonnement LLM — CoT, ToT, ReAct décryptées", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Raisonnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/reasoning-techniques-decryptees", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/reasoning-techniques-decryptees", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "red-teaming-agentic", "titre": "Red teaming agentique — quand le LLM n'est plus la cible principale", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Alignement", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-05-06", "date_revision": "2026-05-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/red-teaming-agentic", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/red-teaming-agentic", "references": 2, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-11-02" }, { "slug": "reflection-auto-critique", "titre": "Réflexion et auto-critique — quand les agents se corrigent eux-mêmes", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/reflection-auto-critique", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/reflection-auto-critique", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "rlvr-multi-reponses-entrainer-douter", "titre": "RLVR multi-réponses — entraîner un modèle à explorer", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Raisonnement & inférence", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/rlvr-multi-reponses-entrainer-douter", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/rlvr-multi-reponses-entrainer-douter", "references": 9, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "routing-ia-agentique", "titre": "Routing en IA agentique — comment les agents choisissent leur chemin", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "pattern", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/routing-ia-agentique", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/routing-ia-agentique", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "scaling-laws", "titre": "Lois d'échelle — pourquoi plus grand veut dire meilleur", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Entraînement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/scaling-laws", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/scaling-laws", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "securite-adversariale", "titre": "Sécurité adversariale des LLM — attaques et défenses", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Alignement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/securite-adversariale", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/securite-adversariale", "references": 12, "references_primaires": 12, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "self-consistency-prompting", "titre": "Self-Consistency — lancer 3 fois le même prompt", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Prompting & Context Engineering", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/self-consistency-prompting", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/self-consistency-prompting", "references": 10, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "societe-pensee-agents-debat-emergent", "titre": "Society of Thought — quand le raisonnement collectif émerge sans instruction", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Raisonnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Tue Mar 31 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/societe-pensee-agents-debat-emergent", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/societe-pensee-agents-debat-emergent", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "sovereign-cloud-europe", "titre": "Cloud souverain européen — quand l'hébergement devient affaire de droit", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Cloud & souveraineté", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/sovereign-cloud-europe", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/sovereign-cloud-europe", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 4, "references_sans_lien": 14, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "step-0bis-challenger", "titre": "Step 0bis — challenger sa propre architecture avant d'agir", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/step-0bis-challenger", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/step-0bis-challenger", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "strategies-agents-asynchrones", "titre": "Agents codeurs asynchrones — stratégies de coordination efficaces", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 30 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/strategies-agents-asynchrones", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/strategies-agents-asynchrones", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "supply-chain-semiconducteurs", "titre": "Supply chain des semiconducteurs — pourquoi votre GPU vient de partout sauf de chez vous", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "Supply chain", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/supply-chain-semiconducteurs", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/supply-chain-semiconducteurs", "references": 5, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 2, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "taxonomie-agents-llm", "titre": "Taxonomie des agents LLM — du chatbot à l'équipe autonome", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Mon Mar 23 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/taxonomie-agents-llm", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/taxonomie-agents-llm", "references": 4, "references_primaires": 1, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "temperature-et-sampling", "titre": "Temperature et sampling — contrôler la créativité d'un LLM", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Architecture & fonctionnement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/temperature-et-sampling", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/temperature-et-sampling", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 0, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "test-regression-systemes-ia", "titre": "Test de régression pour systèmes IA — mesurer les dérives d'un agent", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Évaluation", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "2026-04-14", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/test-regression-systemes-ia", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/test-regression-systemes-ia", "references": 6, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "tokenisation-avancee", "titre": "Tokenisation avancée — au-delà du BPE", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Tokens & contexte", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/tokenisation-avancee", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/tokenisation-avancee", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 8, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "tokens-et-tokenisation", "titre": "Tokens et tokenisation — comment les LLM lisent le texte", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Tokens & contexte", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "decouverte", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/tokens-et-tokenisation", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/tokens-et-tokenisation", "references": 8, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "tpu-google", "titre": "TPU Google — La seule alternative crédible aux GPU Nvidia", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/tpu-google", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/tpu-google", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 7, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-10-22" }, { "slug": "tpu-vs-gpu-2026", "titre": "TPU vs GPU en 2026 — le vrai face-à-face Ironwood contre Blackwell", "territoire": "infrastructure", "sous_categorie": "GPU & puces", "content_type": "comparatif", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/infrastructure/tpu-vs-gpu-2026", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/infrastructure/tpu-vs-gpu-2026", "references": 15, "references_primaires": 9, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2027-01-04" }, { "slug": "training-pipeline", "titre": "Pipeline d'entraînement des LLM — du texte brut au modèle utile", "territoire": "fondamentaux", "sous_categorie": "Entraînement", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "Sat Mar 21 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/fondamentaux/training-pipeline", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/fondamentaux/training-pipeline", "references": 14, "references_primaires": 14, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 3, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "triangle-decision-agentique", "titre": "Le triangle de décision : gouverner un système IA agentique", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "concept", "niveau": "avance", "fraicheur": "durable", "certification": "Vérifié par nous", "date_publication": "Fri Mar 20 2026 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)", "date_revision": "2026-04-25", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/triangle-decision-agentique", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/triangle-decision-agentique", "references": 7, "references_primaires": 5, "references_sans_lien": 1, "assertions_tracees": 0, "statut_fraicheur": "durable", "prochaine_revue": null }, { "slug": "web-agents-ia-transition", "titre": "Le web qui se prépare aux agents IA — où la transition a vraiment lieu", "territoire": "techniques", "sous_categorie": "Orchestration Multi-Agents", "content_type": "analyse", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature", "date_publication": "2026-05-06", "date_revision": "2026-05-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/techniques/web-agents-ia-transition", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/techniques/web-agents-ia-transition", "references": 3, "references_primaires": 3, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 1, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-11-02" }, { "slug": "xai-grok", "titre": "xAI et Grok — l'IA des données en temps réel", "territoire": "acteurs", "sous_categorie": "Entreprises", "content_type": "profil", "niveau": "praticien", "fraicheur": "perissable", "certification": "Sourcé littérature (partiel — architecture Grok-3/4 non documentée)", "date_publication": "2026-04-25", "date_revision": "2026-09-06", "url": "https://labo-llm.fr/acteurs/xai-grok", "url_en": "https://labo-llm.fr/en/acteurs/xai-grok", "references": 17, "references_primaires": 2, "references_sans_lien": 0, "assertions_tracees": 2, "statut_fraicheur": "a-jour", "prochaine_revue": "2026-12-05" } ] }